Giridhar Pai Associates

Pest Information

Importance of Stored-product Insect PestMonitoring and Control

Learn about stored product insect pests (SIPs), their impact on food products leading to losses and pheromone traps for monitoring them in India. The Importance of Monitoring and Control of Stored-product Insect Pests Stored-product insect pests (SIPs) can cause significant damage to food and grain supplies, leading to economic losses and posing health risks to consumers. Stored product insect pests can infest a wide range of processed dried food products, including grains, seeds, nuts, dried fruits, spices, chocolate, flour, pasta, pet food, cheese, dried meat, non-milk dairy powder, tea, dried herbs, and snacks. Dried food products susceptible to SIP infestation: Other processed foods: The Impact of SIPs SIPs cause a variety of problems, including: Monitoring SIPs Regular monitoring of stored products is essential for early detection of their infestation. Monitoring allows for timely intervention and control measures to prevent further damage and product contamination of processed food. Pheromone Traps: An Effective SIP Monitoring Tool Pheromone traps are a highly effective tool for monitoring SIPs. SIP pheromone traps utilise pheromones, natural chemicals released by insects to attract mates or members of the same species, to lure and capture insects. Pheromone traps provide several advantages for monitoring stored product insect pests: Pheromone Trap Placement and Monitoring Pheromone traps should be placed strategically throughout storage areas, including warehouses, silos, and food processing facilities. If there is a suspicion that SIPs are present in other areas, pheromone traps can be used in the processing areas. The number and placement of pheromone traps depend on the size and layout of the storage area, the type of products stored, and the known or suspected insect pest species. Regular monitoring of pheromone traps is crucial for effective SIP management. Pheromone traps should be checked and emptied frequently to assess target SIP activity levels. Pheromone trap count data can be used to track pest populations and determine the need for control measures like cleaning, heat treatment, fumigation, and removal of infested products. Tips for Preventing SIP Infestations Conclusion Monitoring stored product insect pests using pheromone traps is essential for preventing food losses, protecting consumer health, and maintaining the reputation of food businesses. By implementing effective pheromone monitoring programs, food businesses can minimise the impact of SIPs and ensure the safety and quality of their food products. Recognising the need for SIP pheromone traps in India, Giridhar Pai Associates LLP (GPAL) has begun their distribution in 2024.  GPAL is happy to announce the availability of the Storgard range of insect monitoring systems manufactured by Trece, Inc., of the United States of America. GPAL is also making the Fuji Flavors Ltd Ecomone range of pheromone traps available. The Serrico trap is the world’s first and best cigarette beetle pheromone trap. GPAL is confident that with the availability of the Storgard and Ecomone ranges of SIP pheromone traps in India, the Indian food industry has effective SIP monitoring tools. 

Top ten tips to control rodents at an organic food facility

Like the owners of conventional food facilities, owners of organic food facilities also contend with rodent attraction to the food in processing and storage. However, conventional rodent control that relies only on trapping and using toxic baits (or rodenticides, which are chemical pesticides) is not feasible at organic food facilities as the organic food standards bar the use of chemical pesticides. Furthermore, the secondary poisoning from certain rodenticides and the soil and water pollution by rodenticides not consumed by rodents are among serious concerns about the use of rodenticides in rodent control. While trapping rodents once they are inside a building is a conventional approach to rodent control, the question is, why wait for rodents to enter a facility? Why not prevent rodents by ensuring the cleanliness and storage outside a building do not favour rodents through harbourage? Even when the building exteriors are inhospitable to rodents, some mice and rats may still enter a facility. Creating a rodent-proof perimeter is important to prevent such accidentally invasive mice and rats. While our ten tips in this blog post discuss various approaches to rodent control, as the marketers of the Rodexit All-In-One rodent seal, we recommend its use as a key rodent prevention measure. In this detailed blog post, we present tips to help organic food facilities control rodents at their premises using non-chemical methods, including sanitation, rodent exclusion, and habitat reduction. At Giridhar Pai Associates LLP, we strongly believe that building managers can control rodents at an organic facility without relying on toxic chemical pesticides such as rodenticides by switching sanitation, rodent exclusion and habitat reduction. Like any pest management, rodent management must also follow an integrated approach of sanitation, exclusion, and creation of a pest-unfavourable habitat. By relying on those three methods, it is possible to reduce rodents entering a facility drastically. When we reduce the number of rodents that may enter a building to few by sanitation, exclusion and habitat reduction, it is easier to effectively trap and prevent them from contaminating food or damaging property at an organic food facility. In this blog post, we have listed below ten steps to minimise rodent occurrence and control rodents without using rodenticides at an organic food facility. 1.Sanitation: Keeping your facility clean and clutter-free eliminates rodent harbourage, as rodents prefer not-managed areas to take shelter, make nests, survive, and thrive outdoors. 2.Exclusion: Prevent rodent entry by sealing up cracks, holes and openings around doors, windows, pipes, and vents. The materials used for such rodent prevention are different depending on the rodent entry type but must be effective to prevent attempts by mice and rats to evade the barrier to gain entry indoors. Metal of sufficient thickness (24 or higher gauge for wall or pipe barriers and 22 or higher gauge for kick plates or door edging) is an effective rodent barrier and can cover the holes around pipes and door edges. Metal screens can prevent rodent entry from vents. We have found the RodeXit rodent seal to be an effective rodent barrier below doors and rolling shutters. 3.Denying food and water: Eliminate food sources that could attract rodents by promptly removing food spills and storing food in rodent-proof containers. As mice and rats also feed on garbage, denying food to them also requires eliminating their access to the trash. Trash must be kept in a closed container with lids and regularly removed from a facility. As mice and rats also need water to survive, avoiding standing water and leaky pipes and faucets or dripping condensate denies them water and prevents their survival and proliferation. 4.Deny harbourage: Prevent rodents from nesting by removing wood piles, debris, and overgrown vegetation around the facility. It is necessary to prevent rodents from using materials stored outdoors for nesting. Further, rodents may use trash and debris to make nests, which can be prevented by removing all potential nesting sites and materials. Rodents can also make nests indoors, and thus, the steps to deny harbourage to rodents outdoors must also be followed indoors to prevent rodent nesting. 5.Storage: Maintain organised storage and prevent material accumulation that could shelter rodents. Rodents are nocturnal creatures and spend their days away from human sight by seeking shelter inside piles and stored materials not checked regularly by people. Periodically inspecting non-moving materials helps to detect mice and rat harbourage, their nests, and their pups. 6.Rodent inspection: Regularly inspect the facility for rodent activity signs such as droppings, gnaw marks, shredded packaging, damaged food and rub marks.Rodents leave numerous signs that help detect mice and rat presence.Regular inspections uncover the presence of mice and rats through their urine, droppings, gnawing, damaged packaging, and the rub marks caused by their body oils. 7.Rodent monitoring: Monitor rodents regularly through non-toxic glue or live catch or snap traps to track rodent infestation and areas of rodent occurrence.Monitoring rodents is very important and can be done through a range of traps, which, if used in areas frequented by rodents, will help to capture them.Rodent trap use must be planned carefully to catch and prevent them from damaging property or contaminating food. 8.Employee awareness: Educating employees on rodent identification, prevention, and reporting of rodent sightings is an important step in rodent management.An employee at an organic food facility must know the types of rodents likely to occur at their workplace and the steps taken to prevent rodents.Employees must know the rodent-proofing devices and report rodent activity or any issue that could lead to rodent entry into the facility. 9.Rodent reporting: Every facility must foster a culture of awareness about rodents and encourage prompt reporting of rodent activity signs.As the presence of one rodent only indicates the likely presence of numerous others, a facility must ensure that all employees report signs of rodents or rodent sightings. 10.Rodent population records: A facility must maintain detailed records of rodent monitoring control measures to track the progress of the rodent control measures and identify rodent population trends.Food safety auditors rely on records to determine the effectiveness of a

The inspiring story of FLYght UV LED Insect Light Traps

Insect Light Traps (ILTs) can be Electric Fly Killers (EFKs), which electrocute insects or Electric Fly Catchers (EFCs), whose glueboards trap insects by adhesion. ILTs attract insects by emitting UV-A light, to which filth flies are positively phototactic. Phototaxis is insect behaviour in which a stimulus either attracts or repels it. UV-A light attracts houseflies, and other filth flies like flesh flies, blue bottle flies and green bottle flies. Commercial ILTs rely on a UV-A light source to attract filth flies, which traps either electrocute (as in EFKs) or trap on a glued surface (as in EFCs). Though traps to attract insects first became popular in the late nineteenth century, ILTs such as EFKs and EFCs are a relatively newer invention, with a US company launching the first commercial product in the late sixties of the twentieth century. USA’s Gilbert Industries – the world’s first manufacturer of professional insect light traps: Don Gilbert of the American company Gilbert Industries pioneered ILTs through his invention of an escape-resistant ILT in 1967, as described in his company’s website’s history section, which is one of the earliest records of professional ILTs. Before Don Gilbert launched what he called professional ILTs, those devices were used by scientists and farmers to attract and trap insects that responded positively to light. Don Gilbert is the pioneer who foresaw the potential for ILTs in businesses for indoor housefly control. He called his devices professional ILTs, to denote that his inventions were suitable for the professional pest control industry. Before Don Gilbert’s products, ILTs were popular primarily as outdoor insect control devices. Don Gilbert introduced ILTs for indoor use and saw their potential benefits inside food factories and pharmaceutical units. In 1972, Don Gilbert patented a glueboard ILT that would control insects by trapping them on a sticky surface, unlike his earlier ILT versions which electrocuted insects after attracting them with UV-A light. PCI – the Indian pioneer in ILTs: India’s pioneering pest control company, Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd. (PCI), was the first Indian company to introduce an ILT in India in 1979. PCI launched the Pest-O-Flash EFK, which killed insects by electrocution on a high-voltage grid and, even nearly half a century later, is still a popular Indian ILT brand. There was relatively less innovation in ILTs in India for the next two decades, with EFCs appearing in the market only this century. Around the beginning of the twenty-first century, in 2001, PCI launched Spider EFC, India’s first electric fly catcher, and it had glueboards to trap insects attracted to the trap’s UV light. Like its predecessor, Pest-O-Flash, Spider was a popular brand, and it is still commonly seen across businesses in India to trap filth flies. The advent of UV LEDs in ILTs: Like residential and commercial lighting sources, ILTs depended on fluorescent tubes until the past decade. However, fluorescent tubes generate mercury waste and contain glass, a hazard that makes them unsuitable for the food and pharmaceutical industries. To overcome glass contamination from their ILT tubes, fluorescent tube manufacturers sold shatterproof tubes inside plastic sleeves to contain glass shards in case of tube breakage. However, the glass sleeves reduce UV output from the fluorescent tubes and affect trap fly-catching efficacy. Further, the high cost of plastic-sleeved UV fluorescent tubes now makes it a high recurring cost, one of the reasons for the shift of ILT customers from UV fluorescent tube traps to UV LED traps. Several global manufacturers of ILTs foresaw the need for LEDs as a UV source to replace the UV fluorescent tubes in their traps. As a result, in the past decade, several manufacturers have introduced UV LED ILTs with varying degrees of product success. Giridhar Pai Associates LLP (GPAL) represents one of the few global UV LED ILT manufacturers, Pestroniks Innovations Pte. Ltd. of Singapore (Pestroniks Innovations). Armed with a bio-Visual Enhancer (bio-VE+) technology patent, Pestroniks Innovations introduced the FLYght UV LED ILT range in 2020. The FLYght One and FLYght Duo traps use eight LEDs that last fifty-thousand hours and generate the same UV output throughout their lives. As a result, they consume just twenty per cent of the electricity of conventional (fluorescent tube) ILTs. In addition, FLYght One and FLYght Duo are compact as they have only a power supply unit as their part in addition to UV LEDs. GPAL commercially launched the FLYght One UV LED ILT in India in 2020 and followed it up a year later with the FLYght Duo. Pestroniks Innovations proudly “Make In India” their entire FLYght range and export it worldwide. At GPAL are proud to be associated with Pestroniks Innovations, a world-leading brand that manufactures high-quality, high-performance products in India. In the past two years, many Indian businesses have switched to the FLYght UV LED ILT range. Their reasons for the purchase include product looks, sustainability concerns, improved product performance and low or no maintenance. After comparing the performance of the FLYght range, Indian customers have favoured it as the other UV LED ILTs have design flaws that prevent them from effectively attracting filth flies. Pestroniks Innovations’ researchers, with their vast experience, had foreseen the challenges of using UV LEDs in ILTs and designed FLYght traps to maximise the attraction of filth flies. Further, right from the first product, FLYght One, to the second in the series, the FLYght Duo, Pestroniks Innovations ILT range incorporates very high power savings of 72% over 30 W fluorescent tube ILTs and 80% over 45W fluorescent tube ILTs. Some other UV LED manufacturers use many UV LEDs in their ILTs, making such traps consume as much electricity as conventional fluorescent tube ILTs and negating the switch from fluorescent to LEDs for a UV light source. We feel that customers primarily switch to UV LED ILTs to save power costs, and if such traps do not help achieve such an objective, customers will not switch to UV LED ILTs. We sell FLYght ILTs through the pest control industry, with pest control operators as resellers. However,

Top Ten Mistakes Users Make with Their Electric Flycatchers

As the pioneers of UV LED electric flycatchers in India, we keenly study businesses’ use of electric flycatchers (EFCs). We estimate that customers buy nearly 25,000 electric flycatchers each year in India. But, sadly, users’ installation and maintenance of electric flycatchers make them ineffective fly management tools. Effective fly management combines multiple approaches, including prevention by better hygiene, using screens and other devices to prevent housefly entry indoors, monitoring by electric flycatchers, and using pesticides against housefly larvae and adults. The sole use of electric flycatchers won’t solve housefly problems, and businesses must focus on integrated fly management through the steps we listed above to prevent houseflies inside their premises. Electric flycatchers are just one tool in housefly management. They primarily indicate the infestation level apart from the source to identify the different flying insect species in their surroundings. As few flycatcher manufacturers try to educate their customers, not correctly installing and using electric flycatchers across businesses negates the purpose of electric flycatchers, i.e. monitoring. Incorrectly installed and poorly maintained electric flycatchers cannot serve any purpose. We list below the most common mistakes we have found in flycatcher use in India during our visits to hundreds of businesses nationwide. 1. Objects blocking the light of the flycatcher: Placing an object in front of the flycatcher blocks the UV rays from it and prevents it from attracting houseflies and other filth flies to the trap. The flycatcher must be visible and not have any obstructions around it that block its light from being seen by houseflies at a distance from it. 2. Installing electric flycatchers too high above the ground: One of the most common mistakes in flycatcher installation is placing the trap very high where it won’t attract or trap houseflies and is difficult to maintain. Houseflies are active about five feet above the ground though they may also be at floor level and higher than five feet. Therefore, a flycatcher must be installed five feet above the floor on a wall to maximise its attraction and ensure effective housefly trapping. 3. Placing electric flycatchers on the floor: Some users who find ground-crawling houseflies decide to place electric flycatchers on the ground, assuming it to be the best position for those devices. Unfortunately, though floor-placed fly catchers attract and trap houseflies, they will fail to attract all houseflies around them. Further, floor-placed electric flycatchers are prone to disturbance and damage by foot or other traffic. 4. Not replacing the electric flycatcher’s glueboards periodically: Electric flycatchers function by attracting houseflies to UV light and trapping them on a glueboard. Glueboards inside electric flycatchers become filled with houseflies and insects, with the period for glueboard replacement varying by location and season. We recommend a replacement of the glueboard once monthly, at least, or when the glueboard is full of trapped insects. Glueboards full of dead insects will attract parasites that feed on insects and won’t trap any insects as the glue surface is full of trapped insects. 5. Not replacing the flycatcher light source after expiry: The manufacturers of the UV fluorescent tubes specify a life for their light source, with most such tubes lasting about eight thousand hours or ten months. UV fluorescent tubes stop emitting UV after expiry and no longer attract houseflies. It is a good practice to note the date of replacement of a UV fluorescent tube and the next replacement date on it. In the case of FLYght UV LED electric flycatchers with LEDs that last 50,000 hours, there is no replacement date as the light sources last more than five years without replacement. 6. Placing electric flycatchers at the wrong location: A flycatcher must not attract houseflies from the outdoors. Hence, a common guideline for flycatcher installation is placing them perpendicular to an entrance about twenty-five feet away. Electric flycatchers don’t work in areas of very low or very high temperatures. Also, wet areas are not suitable for flycatcher placement. Outdoor fly catcher use is also a wrong practice as they won’t work in daylight and at night will attract a lot of night flying insects like moths and chironomids to the trap. 7. Using electric flycatchers as a control tool: Electric flycatchers are not a control tool as they do not trap every housefly or filth fly in a space. However, flycatcher glueboards are a good indicator of the fly pressure inside a building and supplement fly prevention and control measures. 8. Placing the flycatcher too close to light sources: Electric flycatchers are less ineffective when there are other light sources near them, as such objects could attract houseflies away from the electric flycatchers. Therefore, there must not be other competing light sources near a flycatcher for it to attract houseflies. 9. Using electric flycatchers in places with excessive dust: Electric flycatchers rely on glueboards to trap houseflies and other filth flies they attract by UV light. However, dust and debris surrounding a flycatcher can make the device ineffective as the glueboard would not trap the insects that the UV light attracts to the flycatcher. 10. Not consistently using the flycatcher: Electric flycatchers are effective when they are present and switched on during day time when houseflies are active. Some spaces like food factories, restaurants, cafes, bakeries, kitchens and others prone to housefly infestation must have sufficient electric flycatchers to monitor housefly levels. Unless electric flycatchers are present year-round and switched on during the day, fly management would be ineffective due to the limited flycatcher availability. Earlier, we published a blog, The FLYght Guide to Insect Light Trap (ILT) Use, on our website listing the dos and Don’ts of ILT use. You can refer to that blog post for simple tips on using fly catchers effectively to manage houseflies at your facility. Our flycatcher range of UV LED electric flycatchers, FLYght One and FLYght Duo, have in-built features to minimise their maintenance. As they have UV LEDs that last 50,000 hours, our customers can use both FLYght One and Duo for more than five

Scroll to Top